14th centuryKashmir
The mystic poet revered by Hindus and Muslims.
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Lal Ded, also known as Lalleshwari and Lalla Arifa, left her husband's home to become a wandering ascetic and spoke her insights in short four-line verses called vakhs. Written in early Kashmiri and passed on by memory, they speak of looking inward for the divine and turning away from empty ritual.
Facts
- Her vakhs are among the earliest surviving works in the Kashmiri language.
- Lines from her verses are still used as sayings in everyday Kashmiri speech.




